SUPERÁVIT COMERCIAL COM A CHINA E DÉFICIT COM OS ESTADOS UNIDOS: UMA ANÁLISE SOB A ÓTICA DO COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR BRASILEIRO DE 2024

Abstract

This study analyzes the performance of Brazilian foreign trade in 2024, focusing on exports, imports, trade balance, and trade flow, with emphasis on trade relations with China and the United States. The research is characterized as descriptive, with both quantitative and qualitative approaches, based on official data from Banco Central, Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria, Comércio e Serviços (MDIC), da Secretaria de Comércio Exterior (SECEX) and Comex Stat. The results show that Brazil achieved a significant trade surplus in the analyzed year, mainly driven by commodity exports, especially oil and soybeans. There was also a strong concentration of trade relations with China, the country’s main partner. On the other hand, a trade deficit is observed with the United States, Brazil’s second largest trading partner, resulting from the import of higher value-added products. Brazilian exports to this market, although concentrated in commodities, also include more complex goods, such as aircraft, driven by the strength of the national aeronautical sector, with emphasis on Embraer, highlighting the presence of higher value-added products in the export basket. It is concluded that, despite the positive performance, Brazil still shows dependence on primary goods in exports and industrialized goods in imports, highlighting challenges for economic development.